Solution Files

You can find solutions for all questions in hw04.py.

Required questions

Parsons Problems

To work on these problems, open the Parsons editor:

python3 parsons

Q1: Remove Odd Indices

Complete the function remove_odd_indices, which takes in a list lst and a boolean odd, and returns a new list with elements removed at certain indices. If odd is True, then the function should remove elements at odd indices; otherwise if odd is False, then the function should remove even indexed items.

Note that lists are zero-indexed; thus, the first element is at index 0, the second element is at index 1, etc.

def remove_odd_indices(lst, odd):
    """ 
    Remove elements of lst that have odd indices.
    >>> s = [1, 2, 3, 4]
    >>> t = remove_odd_indices(s, True)
    >>> s
    [1, 2, 3, 4]
    >>> t
    [1, 3]
    >>> l = [5, 6, 7, 8]
    >>> m = remove_odd_indices(l, False)
    >>> m
    [6, 8]
    """
    if not lst:
        return lst
    if odd:
        return [lst[0]] + remove_odd_indices(lst[1:], not odd)
    else:
        return remove_odd_indices(lst[1:], not odd)

Q2: Smart Fridge

The SmartFridge class is used by smart refrigerators to track which items are in the fridge and let owners know when an item has run out.

The class internally uses a dictionary to store items, where each key is the item name and the value is the current quantity. The add_item method should add the given quantity of the given item and report the current quantity. You can assume that the use_item method will only be called on items that are already in the fridge, and it should use up the given quantity of the given item. If the quantity would fall to or below zero, it should only use up to the remaining quantity, and remind the owner to buy more of that item.
Finish implementing the SmartFridge class definition so that its add_item and use_item methods work as expected.

class SmartFridge:
    """"
    >>> fridgey = SmartFridge()
    >>> fridgey.add_item('Mayo', 1)
    'I now have 1 Mayo'
    >>> fridgey.add_item('Mayo', 2)
    'I now have 3 Mayo'
    >>> fridgey.use_item('Mayo', 2.5)
    'I have 0.5 Mayo left'
    >>> fridgey.use_item('Mayo', 0.5)
    'Uh oh, buy more Mayo!'
    """
    def __init__(self):
        self.items = {}
    def add_item(self, item, quantity):
        if item in self.items:
            self.items[item] += quantity
        else:
            self.items[item] = quantity
        return f'I now have {self.items[item]} {item}'
    def use_item(self, item, quantity):
        self.items[item] -= min(quantity, self.items[item])
        if self.items[item] == 0:
            return f'Uh oh, buy more {item}!'
        return f'I have {self.items[item]} {item} left'

Code Writing Questions

Q3: Merge

Write a function merge that takes 2 sorted lists lst1 and lst2, and returns a new list that contains all the elements in the two lists in sorted order. Note: Try to solve this question using recursion instead of iteration.

def merge(lst1, lst2):
    """Merges two sorted lists.

    >>> merge([1, 3, 5], [2, 4, 6])
    [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
    >>> merge([], [2, 4, 6])
    [2, 4, 6]
    >>> merge([1, 2, 3], [])
    [1, 2, 3]
    >>> merge([5, 7], [2, 4, 6])
    [2, 4, 5, 6, 7]
    """
    # recursive
    if not lst1 or not lst2:
        return lst1 + lst2
    elif lst1[0] < lst2[0]:
        return [lst1[0]] + merge(lst1[1:], lst2)
    else:
        return [lst2[0]] + merge(lst1, lst2[1:])

# Iterative solution
def merge_iter(lst1, lst2):
    """Merges two sorted lists.

    >>> merge_iter([1, 3, 5], [2, 4, 6])
    [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
    >>> merge_iter([], [2, 4, 6])
    [2, 4, 6]
    >>> merge_iter([1, 2, 3], [])
    [1, 2, 3]
    >>> merge_iter([5, 7], [2, 4, 6])
    [2, 4, 5, 6, 7]
    """
    new = []
    while lst1 and lst2:
        if lst1[0] < lst2[0]:
            new += [lst1[0]]
            lst1 = lst1[1:]
        else:
            new += [lst2[0]]
            lst2 = lst2[1:]
    if lst1:
        return new + lst1
    else:
        return new + lst2

Use Ok to test your code:

python3 ok -q merge
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Q4: Mint

A mint is a place where coins are made. In this question, you'll implement a Mint class that can output a Coin with the correct year and worth.

• Each Mint instance has a year stamp. The update method sets the year stamp to the present_year class attribute of the Mint class.
• The create method takes a subclass of Coin and returns an instance of that class stamped with the mint's year (which may be different from Mint.present_year if it has not been updated.)
• A Coin's worth method returns the cents value of the coin plus one extra cent for each year of age beyond 50. A coin's age can be determined by subtracting the coin's year from the present_year class attribute of the Mint class.

class Mint:
    """A mint creates coins by stamping on years.

    The update method sets the mint's stamp to Mint.present_year.

    >>> mint = Mint()
    >>> mint.year
    2021
    >>> dime = mint.create(Dime)
    >>> dime.year
    2021
    >>> Mint.present_year = 2101  # Time passes
    >>> nickel = mint.create(Nickel)
    >>> nickel.year     # The mint has not updated its stamp yet
    2021
    >>> nickel.worth()  # 5 cents + (80 - 50 years)
    35
    >>> mint.update()   # The mint's year is updated to 2101
    >>> Mint.present_year = 2176     # More time passes
    >>> mint.create(Dime).worth()    # 10 cents + (75 - 50 years)
    35
    >>> Mint().create(Dime).worth()  # A new mint has the current year
    10
    >>> dime.worth()     # 10 cents + (155 - 50 years)
    115
    >>> Dime.cents = 20  # Upgrade all dimes!
    >>> dime.worth()     # 20 cents + (155 - 50 years)
    125
    """
    present_year = 2021

    def __init__(self):
        self.update()

    def create(self, coin):
        return coin(self.year)
    def update(self):
        self.year = Mint.present_year
class Coin:
    cents = None # will be provided by subclasses, but not by Coin itself

    def __init__(self, year):
        self.year = year

    def worth(self):
        return self.cents + max(0, Mint.present_year - self.year - 50)
class Nickel(Coin):
    cents = 5

class Dime(Coin):
    cents = 10

Use Ok to test your code:

python3 ok -q Mint
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Q5: Vending Machine

In this question you'll create a vending machine that only outputs a single product and provides change when needed.

Create a class called VendingMachine that represents a vending machine for some product. A VendingMachine object returns strings describing its interactions. Remember to match exactly the strings in the doctests -- including punctuation and spacing!

Fill in the VendingMachine class, adding attributes and methods as appropriate, such that its behavior matches the following doctests:

class VendingMachine:
    """A vending machine that vends some product for some price.

    >>> v = VendingMachine('candy', 10)
    >>> v.vend()
    'Nothing left to vend. Please restock.'
    >>> v.add_funds(15)
    'Nothing left to vend. Please restock. Here is your $15.'
    >>> v.restock(2)
    'Current candy stock: 2'
    >>> v.vend()
    'You must add $10 more funds.'
    >>> v.add_funds(7)
    'Current balance: $7'
    >>> v.vend()
    'You must add $3 more funds.'
    >>> v.add_funds(5)
    'Current balance: $12'
    >>> v.vend()
    'Here is your candy and $2 change.'
    >>> v.add_funds(10)
    'Current balance: $10'
    >>> v.vend()
    'Here is your candy.'
    >>> v.add_funds(15)
    'Nothing left to vend. Please restock. Here is your $15.'

    >>> w = VendingMachine('soda', 2)
    >>> w.restock(3)
    'Current soda stock: 3'
    >>> w.restock(3)
    'Current soda stock: 6'
    >>> w.add_funds(2)
    'Current balance: $2'
    >>> w.vend()
    'Here is your soda.'
    """
    def __init__(self, product, price):
        self.product = product
        self.price = price
        self.stock = 0
        self.balance = 0

    def restock(self, n):
        self.stock += n
        return f'Current {self.product} stock: {self.stock}'

    def add_funds(self, n):
        if self.stock == 0:
            return f'Nothing left to vend. Please restock. Here is your ${n}.'
        self.balance += n
        return f'Current balance: ${self.balance}'

    def vend(self):
        if self.stock == 0:
            return 'Nothing left to vend. Please restock.'
        difference = self.price - self.balance
        if difference > 0:
            return f'You must add ${difference} more funds.'
        message = f'Here is your {self.product}'
        if difference != 0:
            message += f' and ${-difference} change'
        self.balance = 0
        self.stock -= 1
        return message + '.'

You may find Python's formatted string literals, or f-strings useful. A quick example:

>>> feeling = 'love'
>>> course = '61A!'
>>> f'I {feeling} {course}'
'I love 61A!'

Use Ok to test your code:

python3 ok -q VendingMachine
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✂️

If you're curious about alternate methods of string formatting, you can also check out an older method of Python string formatting. A quick example:

>>> ten, twenty, thirty = 10, 'twenty', [30]
>>> '{0} plus {1} is {2}'.format(ten, twenty, thirty)
'10 plus twenty is [30]'

Submit

Make sure to submit this assignment by running:

python3 ok --submit